📉 How to lower inflammation with simple changes
– and it’s never too late to make a change. “Even if you start an appropriate diet in middle age, it has an effect down the line in terms of disease prevention,” she says.has long been seen as the ultimate food and lifestyle philosophy, full of vegetables, fruit, beans, pulses, herbs, nuts, wholegrains, lean protein such as fish and the veritable elixir of health, extra virgin olive oil.
Polyphenols, gut friendly plant compounds that are plentiful in coffee, white beans, spinach, artichokes, red onions and even red wine, are a key part of the process. They act as prebiotics, bolstering the immune system and stimulating the growth of anti-inflammatory bacteria.It’s time to spring clean your kitchen cupboards.
If you make one change to your diet this year – add in more fibre. This nutrient, the parts of plants that we can’t digest, helps prevent a huge range of illnesses includingYet in the UK, where the NHS advises eating 30g of fibre a day, just four per cent of women and 14 per cent of men are meeting the target.
“And let them encounter germs in the natural world – in the sea or in lakes, on hikes and in the forest. Let them stick their hands in the mud.
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Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates low birth weight-induced colonic inflammation by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization - MicrobiomeBackground Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis after birth. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Objective In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolism, therapeutic potential, and mechanisms of action of bile acids (BAs) in LBW-induced intestinal inflammation in a piglet model. Methods The fecal microbiome and BA profile between LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) neonatal piglets were compared. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to further confirm the linkage between microbial BA metabolism and intestinal inflammation. The therapeutic potential of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a highly differentially abundant BA between LBW and NBW piglets, in alleviating colonic inflammation was evaluated in both LBW piglets, an LBW-FMT mice model, and a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which UDCA suppresses intestinal inflammation were also investigated in both DSS-treated mice and a macrophage cell line. Microbiomes were analyzed by using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Fecal and intestinal BA profiles were measured by using targeted BA metabolomics. Levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were knocked down in J774A.1 cells with small interfering RNAs. Results We show a significant difference in both the fecal microbiome and BA profiles between LBW and normal birth weight animals in a piglet model. Transplantation of the microbiota of LBW piglets to antibiotic-treated mice leads to intestinal inflammation. Importantly, oral administration of UDCA, a major BA diminished in the intestinal tract of LBW piglets, markedly alleviates intestinal inflammation in LBW piglets, an LBW-FMT mice model, and a mouse model of colitis by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, UDCA reduces inflammatory cytokine production by engaging BA receptor FXR while suppressing NF-κB activation in macrophages. Conclusions These findings establish a cau
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Inflammation-associated gut microbiome in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 points towards new therapeutic targetsWe read with interest the recent report by Liu et al 1 describing faecal microbiome differences with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), commonly referred to as ‘Long-COVID’. We have previously reported elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells with PASC compared with resolved COVID-19 (RC; no lingering symptoms at the time of sample collection) that correlated with increased levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6, suggesting that elevated inflammation in PASC may be related to immune response to residual virus.2 Although several studies have reported gut microbiome differences during acute COVID-19,3 PASC has received less attention. We, thus, sought to characterise gut microbiome differences in PASC versus RC using faecal samples from our study2 and to relate these differences to inflammation. The faecal microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured with ELISA (see online supplemental methods). Cohort information is in table 1. IL-6 and CRP were elevated with PASC (figure 1A). Gut microbiome composition did not significantly differ between the PASC and RC cohorts (PERMANOVA; p=0.087; figure 1B), but did correlate with IL-6 and CRP levels (Adonis; IL-6 p=0.03; CRP p=0.01). IL-6 and CRP also correlated with PC1 from a principal coordinates analysis (figure 1C,D), suggesting a relationship between microbiome composition and inflammation in PASC. Using SELBAL,4 which identifies ratios …
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