What is the role of N-glycans and calnexin-calreticulin chaperones in SARS-CoV-2 spike maturation? SUNY SARSCoV2 COVID19 Spike Maturation
By Nidhi Saha, BDSSep 28 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux A recent study published in Science Advances showed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike N-glycosylation patterns, intracellular lectins, as well as the associated molecular chaperones play crucial roles in the viral-host-cell invasion and function.
The pathogen is constantly evolving and has undergone several mutations – rendering variants of concern that evade vaccine-acquired immunity and improve viral transmissibility, such as the Delta and the Omicron variants. This occurred because certain mutations in the S receptor-binding domain enhance Spike binding to the host-cell receptors – angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 .
Results The findings showed that the development, as well as the functional maturation of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by specific N-glycans. Few N glycans regulate SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and the maturation of S proteins. Specifically, the N-glycans at S protein sites – N801 and N61, are critical for SARS-CoV-2 functioning.
Looking deeper to find the reason behind the folding mechanisms revealed calnexin as a catalyst for such folding. Thus, calnexin regulated the entry of VLPs into host cells.
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