Study explores the effect of age-associated B cells on COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity medrxivpreprint Cambridge_Uni SARSCoV2 COVID19 BCells Vaccine Immunity
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanSep 22 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, a team of researchers explored the effect of immune checkpoint blockade -induced expansion of age-associated B cells on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine-derived humoral immunity in patients with cancer and inborn errors of immunity .
In cancer patients, ICB therapy seems to cause the expansion of ABCs before either the antibody-mediated or the non-antibody-mediated immunity develops. Studies have found that this leads to a T cell deficit due to B-cell extrinsic functions in cancer patients and individuals with IEI. Therefore, understanding the effect of ICB-induced expansion of ABCs on the vaccine-related immune response is essential in decreasing the vulnerability of cancer and immune disorder patients to COVID-19.
The researchers first used single-cell RNA sequencing to understand whether different transcriptional profiles were involved in ABCs arising from different etiologies. They investigated whether ABCs from different diseases or conditions could be subdivided based on the expression of different immune function genes, such as the autoimmune regulator .
The study found the ABC differentiation states to be homogenous across different groups consisting of cancer patients receiving ICB therapy, patients with CTLA4 or NFκB1 haploinsufficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus patients, as well as healthy individuals. These results suggest that it is the increased frequency of expanded ABCs which is responsible for its pathology and not inherent differences in the ABCs from patients with distinct diseases.
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