How did the COVID-19 pandemic alter racial and ethnic disparities in mortality? PNASNews UCSF ucsc BUSPH StanfordMed COVID19 coronavirus covid pandmeic mortality
By Neha MathurSep 22 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in PNAS, researchers pursued evidence of all-cause mortality disparities during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the United States , its temporal evolution, and whether this disparity persists.
It is also highly likely that the deep-rooted structural racism and preexisting disparities associated with mortality in the US worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance, minoritized groups experienced financial hardships and housing instability. Moreover, they remained at higher risk of job loss and subsequently lost health insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The researchers used up to nine joint point regression models to estimate temporal trends in the death rate ratios. They extracted the death data stratified by age group using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research platform. Before the pandemic, Hispanics of all ages had lower all-cause mortality than White people. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate of Hispanic people exceeded that of Whites in April 2020, July 2020, and January 2021, for a total of three months. Asian Americans of all ages had a reduced mortality advantage relative to Whites, with all-cause mortality rate ratios of 0.72 in April 2020 and 0.68 in January 2021.
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Pulmonary Dysfunction after Pediatric COVID-19Background Long COVID occurs in lower frequency in children and adolescents than in adults. Morphologic and free-breathing phase-resolved functional low-field MRI may identify persistent pulmonary manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purpose To characterize both morphologic and functional changes of lung parenchyma on low-field MRI in children and adolescents with post COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. Materials and Methods Between August and December 2021, a cross-sectional, prospective clinical trial using low-field MRI was performed in children and adolescents from a single academic medical center. The primary outcome was the frequency of morphologic changes on MRI. Secondary outcomes included MRI-derived functional proton ventilation and perfusion parameters. Clinical symptoms, the duration from positive RT-PCR test and serological parameters were compared with imaging results. Nonparametric tests for pairwise and corrected tests for groupwise comparisons were applied to assess differences in healthy controls, recovered participants and with long COVID. Results A total of 54 participants post COVID-19 infection (mean age, 11 years ±3 [SD], 56 males) and 9 healthy controls (mean age, 10 years ±3 [SD], 70 males) were included: 29 (54%) in the COVID-19 group had recovered from infection and 25 (46%) were classified as having long COVID on the day of enrollment. Morphologic abnormality was identified in one recovered participant. Both ventilated and perfused lung parenchyma (V/Q match) was reduced from 81±6.1% in healthy controls to 62±19% (P=.006) in the recovered group and 60±20% (P=.003) in the long COVID group. V/Q match was lower in post COVID patients with infection less than 180 days (63±20%, P=.03), 180 to 360 days (63±18%, P=0.03) and 360 days ago (41±12%, P|.001) as compared with the never-infected healthy controls (81±6.1%). Conclusion Low-field MRI showed persistent pulmonary dysfunction in both children and adolescents recovered from COVID-
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