In a new national security memorandum, federal agencies were instructed to prepare to shift from the encryption algorithms used today to secure communications on the internet and other networks to new algorithms resistant to attack by a quantum computer.
, the White House instructs federal agencies to prepare to shift from the encryption algorithms used today to secure communications on the internet and other networks to new algorithms resistant to attack by a quantum computer.
Whereas a conventional computer processes information by flipping bits that can be set to 0 or 1, a quantum computer manipulates quantum bits or qubits that can be set to 0, 1, or, thanks to the weird rules of quantum mechanics, 0 and 1 at the same time. Such two-ways-at-once states enable a quantum computer to encode all possible solutions to certain problems as abstract quantum waves.
In current public-key systems, the public key is a gigantic number that is the product of two factors, both prime numbers. If Alice wishes to receive a secret message from Bob, she sends him the key and he uses it to scramble his numerical message according to a complicated algorithm that’s publicly known. But it’s very difficult for Eve to undo the algorithm unless she knows the key’s prime-number factors.
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