Polio has returned decades after it was considered eliminated in the U.S. Here's what to know.
Polio is short for"poliomyelitis," a neurological disease caused by a poliovirus infection. Of the three types of wild poliovirus — serotypes 1, 2, and 3 — serotype 1 is the most virulent and the most likely to cause paralysis.
Most people infected with poliovirus don't get sick and won't have symptoms. About a quarter of those infected might experience mild symptoms like fatigue, fever, headache, neck stiffness, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. So, as with covid-19, people who don't have symptoms can unknowingly spread it as they interact with others. But in 1 in 200-2,000 people with a poliovirus infection, the virus may attack the spinal cord and brain.
People can develop post-polio syndrome decades after infection. Symptoms may include muscle pain, weakness, and wasting. People with poliomyelitis may remain wheelchair-bound or unable to breathe without the help of a ventilator for the rest of their lives.The virus that causes polio spreads through the"oral-fecal route," which means it enters the body through the mouth by way of the hands, water, food, or other items contaminated with poliovirus-containing feces. Rarely, poliovirus may spread through saliva and upper respiratory droplets.
at ages 2 months, 4 months, 6 to 18 months, and 4 to 6 years, for a total of four doses. All 50 states and the District of Columbia require that children attending day care or public school be immunized against polio, but
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