Why more voltage makes for better EVs.
It's a simple enough concept on its own, best described as electric potential energy. The easiest and most frequently used electrical-engineering 101 analogy is to compare voltage to a hydraulic loop: If a water pump system is a circuit, voltage is equivalent to the pressure in the pipes. Adding a more powerful pump or a larger reservoir full of water would increase the pressure in the pipes.
Similarly, adding higher voltage to an electrical power supply means it pushes more energy, or the same amount of energy with less current. Less current, in our water analogy, would mean we could use a smaller diameter pipe; adding more current would mean using a larger pipe. Mathematically, it’s very straightforward, and defined by Ohm’s Law: Voltage equals resistance times current.
In EV terms, a higher-voltage architecture needs less current to push the same amount of power to the motor. This has an array of benefits. Lower current means that less wire can be used, which leads to a significantly lighter wiring harness. Reducing current also reduces heat, as current is the primary generator of heat in electronics. Lower heat means longer lifespans for electronics and batteries.
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