How do we make sense of new experiences? Ultimately, it's about how we categorize them—which we often do by "lumping" or "splitting" them.
This necessitates the process of "lumping" and "splitting," whereby experiences are categorized into schema.
Ouch. Clevelanders will undoubtedly feel aggrieved by this sentiment, as are the city-dwelling Americans from anywhere outside those allegedly elite three. No love for Chicago's skyline, Boston's Bay, or LA's Hollywood scene? The existence of these schema gives our brain a choice with each new encounter: Do we"lump it" into an existing schema? Or do we"split it" into its own unique category of experience?This mechanism of lumping and splitting isn't limited to cities and travel experiences but to all of our experiences and encounters.
Part of this comes down to having two eyes with overlapping fields of vision: what one eye misses, the other can compensate. But of course, when you cover one eye, you don't immediately see a massive black patch in your visual field. This is because your brain is constantly"filling in." It's continuously processing only a small amount of the visual scene, assuming the rest.
Schemas also lead us to generate memories of things that didn't even happen. One of the most interesting findings was that participants reliably remembered seeing books in the office, which fit well with the"office room" schema, despite the fact that there weren't any there. In this way,. In any given experience or encounter, the brain's task is simple: It asks, is this a familiar thing? If so, we can lump it in with an existing schema.
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