Why a giant 'cold spot' in the cosmic microwave background has long perplexed astronomers

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Why a giant 'cold spot' in the cosmic microwave background has long perplexed astronomers
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Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at SUNY Stony Brook and the Flatiron Institute in New York City.

Leftover light from the young universe has a major flaw, and we don't know how to fix it. It's the cold spot. It's just way too big and way too cold. Astronomers aren't sure what it is, but they mostly agree that it's worth investigating. was generated when our universe was only 380,000 years old. At the time, our cosmos was about a million times smaller than it is today and had a temperature of over 10,000 kelvins , meaning all of the gas was plasma.

The cold spot is strangely cold. Depending on how you define the edge of the spot, it's about 70 microkelvins colder than average, compared with the average run-of-the-mill cold spot that's only 18 microkelvins colder than average. In its deepest parts, it's 140 millikelvins colder than average.lined up side by side. The average spot on the CMB is less than 1 degree. So it's not only weirdly cold but also weirdly big.

So a giant void could potentially explain the cold spot, but there's one problem: We're not sure if there's actually a giant void in that direction. We have maps and galaxy surveys in that part of the sky, but they're all incomplete in some way; they either don't capture every galaxy, or they don't span the entire volume of the supposed void.

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