What role does dysbiosis play in Parkinson's disease? Dysbiosis Parkinsons Disease Gutmicrobiota Oral microbiome Pathogenesis Symptoms Dopamine UNIGEnews
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDMar 19 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. Parkinson's disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that affects one in a hundred people the world over, second only to Alzheimer's disease in the number of people affected. However, the mechanism by which it arises is still unclear.
These observations led to Braak et al.'s two-hit hypothesis, which considered a peripheral origin of PD , that then progressed to involve the brain. Recently, two-thirds of PD patients were found to have this "body-first" pattern, but the rest had a "brain-first" model, affecting the olfactory bulb or amygdala initially.
The oral microbiota changes with host factors over the lifespan of the individual. Its beneficial effects include the prevention of infection and the metabolism of nitrates and other vasoactive substances. It affects the microbiota at many other related body sites like the gut and the lungs. The gut and the brain talk to each other via nervous impulses, immune response pathways, and endocrine chemicals. The brain signals regulate the gut microbiome by altering the speed of gut transit, the amount and nature of gut secretions, and the gut wall permeability. The gut, in turn, helps modulate the immune response, endocrine secretions, neural signaling, and neurotransmitter levels via its microbiome-driven interactions with the brain.
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Raccoon dogs at Wuhan market linked to COVID origins in new studySamples were collected in early 2020 from surfaces at the Huanan seafood market and the genetic sequences were recently uploaded by China to the world's largest public virus database. They were then taken down but not before a French biologist spotted the information by chance.
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Why Do Military Pilots, Ground Crews Face Higher Cancer RatesMilitary pilots and ground crews face higher rates of cancer, a Pentagon study has found.
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Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability - BMC Complementary Medicine and TherapiesObjective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by activating serotonin (5-HT) and improving stress coping ability. Methods This study is designed based on randomization method. A total of 36 subjects participated in the experiment, consisting of an ADHD control group (n=18) and ADHD music therapy group (n=18). The ADHD control group received standard care, while the ADHD music therapy group received music therapy and standard care. The ADHD music therapy group received both active music therapy (improvisation) and receptive music therapy (music listening) for 50 minutes, twice a week, for 3 months: a total of 24 times. From a neurophysiological perspective, changes in depression and stress were tracked by measuring 5-HT secretion, cortisol expression, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and CDI and DHQ psychological scales. Results The ADHD music therapy group’s 5-HT secretion increased (p | 0.001), whereas cortisol expression (p | 0.001), BP (p | 0.001) and HR (p | 0.001) decreased. The CDI and DHQ psychological scales also showed positive changes (p | 0.01 and p | 0.001, respectively). However, the ADHD Con G’s (who did not receive music therapy) 5-HT secretion did not increase, whereas cortisol expression, BP, and HR did not decrease. In addition, the CDI and DHQ psychological scales did not display positive changes. Conclusions In conclusion, the application of music therapy as an alternative treatment for ADHD children and adolescents showed positive neurophysiological and psychological effects. Therefore, this study would like to propose a new alternative to medicine for preventing and treating depression through various uses of music therapy.
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Prognostic assessment capability of a five-gene signature in pancreatic cancer: a machine learning based-study - BMC GastroenterologyBackground A prognostic assessment method with good sensitivity and specificity plays an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. Finding a way to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is of great significance for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods In this study, GTEx dataset and TCGA dataset were merged together for differential gene expression analysis. Univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression were used to screen variables in the TCGA dataset. Screening the optimal prognostic assessment model is then performed by gaussian finite mixture model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used as an indicator to assess the predictive ability of the prognostic model, the validation process was performed on the GEO datasets. Results Gaussian finite mixture model was then used to build 5-gene signature (ANKRD22, ARNTL2, DSG3, KRT7, PRSS3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested the 5-gene signature performed well on both the training and validation datasets. Conclusions This 5-gene signature performed well on both our chosen training dataset and validation dataset and provided a new way to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with lower dementia risk, independent of genetic predisposition: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study - BMC MedicineBackground The identification of effective dementia prevention strategies is a major public health priority, due to the enormous and growing societal cost of this condition. Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed to reduce dementia risk. However, current evidence is inconclusive and is typically derived from small cohorts with limited dementia cases. Additionally, few studies have explored the interaction between diet and genetic risk of dementia. Methods We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to explore the associations between MedDiet adherence, defined using two different scores (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener [MEDAS] continuous and Mediterranean diet Pyramid [PYRAMID] scores), and incident all-cause dementia risk in 60,298 participants from UK Biobank, followed for an average 9.1 years. The interaction between diet and polygenic risk for dementia was also tested. Results Higher MedDiet adherence was associated with lower dementia risk (MEDAS continuous: HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.91; PYRAMID: HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.73–1.02 for highest versus lowest tertiles). There was no significant interaction between MedDiet adherence defined by the MEDAS continuous and PYRAMID scores and polygenic risk for dementia. Conclusions Higher adherence to a MedDiet was associated with lower dementia risk, independent of genetic risk, underlining the importance of diet in dementia prevention interventions.
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Rare shark beheaded by 'trophy hunters' after it washes up on Hampshire beachConservationists had hoped to study the 8ft-long shark after it was found by locals on Lepe beach - but it was butchered before they reached it
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