What is the Role of Non-invasive Imaging in Diagnostics? Diagnostics Imaging MedicalImaging
Structural and functional medical imaging The use of diagnostic imaging in medicine dates back over a century. However, huge advances have been made over the last 50 years, in which multiple imaging modalities have offered a previously unimaginable wealth of data on the structure and function of the inward organs of the human body.
The spatial resolution of each modality varies, however, with MRI and US imaging providing a resolution of 50-500 μm and 200 μm, respectively. CT, PET, SPECT, and optical imaging have a resolution of 0.5-1 mm, 1-4 mm, 0.3-3 mm, and 0.1-10 mm, respectively. The outcome is a more precisely defined knowledge of where a disease process is located, how it affects the organ or tissue, and the patient’s health overall. It also helps to decide how best to treat the patient and monitor their health during and after treatment.Individual techniques Computerized tomography CT scanning uses an X-ray beam passed through the body that is partly absorbed or scattered within the imaged organ.
Diagnostic Imaging Explained Play Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is a technique that uses magnetic fields to align the protons within hydrogen atoms found in water which makes up most of the human body. The MRI scanner emits short radio wave pulses, exciting the protons and breaking up their alignment in the scanned part of the body. As the protons realign, they emit radio waves that are then detected to produce images of organs and internal structures at high resolution.
MRI does not employ ionizing radiation and is considered to be among the safest imaging platforms. Researchers have not found harm to result from using a brief strong magnetic field. However, metal implants, including, importantly, pacemakers and metal implants, may heat up or fail if exposed to this technique. Pregnancy is a contraindication as well.
The positrons collide with nearby electrons to create gamma rays, or annihilation protons. These are detected by the gamma ray scanners, and the signals are passed to the computer to create an image map displaying the tissue structure and how metabolically active it is.
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