What is the impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19 mortality? AirPollution Coronavirus Disease COVID Mortality Pollution medrxivpreprint ONS imperialcollege uniofleicester
By Bhavana KunkalikarFeb 22 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. *Important notice: medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.
Risk factors for severe COVID-19 Age and the male gender, as well as the presence of respiratory diseases and other comorbidities, are significant risk factors contributing to severe disease and mortality. Exposure to air pollution is also of importance, as it is pro-inflammatory and impacts the human immune system, thus influencing the severity of respiratory diseases.
The study cohort was limited to London residents at the onset of the pandemic who were alive as of September 1, 2020, counted in the 2011 Census, registered with a general medical practitioner, not residing in a care facility in 2019 and up to 100 years of age as of 2011. Related StoriesThe study also included covariates or COVID-19 risk factors that were likely to confound the association between mortality risk and air pollution exposure such as sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination status, regional characteristics, socioeconomic level, and ethnicity.
When the pollutants were adjusted for sex, age, and vaccination status, the four assessed pollutants were associated with an increased risk of mortality due to COVID-19. More specifically, the hazard ratios for NO2, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 were 1.07 per 10 µg/m3, 1.05 per 20 µg/m3, 1.32 per 10 µg/m3, and 1.29 per 5 µg/m3, respectively. Adjusting the model to account for geographical considerations reduced the statistical significance and effect size of the results.
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