This article explores the biological functions and clinical applications of distinct CD3 subunits.
Sponsored Content by ACROBiosystemsReviewed by Aimee MolineuxAug 7 2024 CD3 is the central component of the TCR-CD3 complex and is crucial for recognizing T cells and responding to antigens.
However, the mature TCRαβ dimer lacks the signaling domains necessary for independently activating T cells. Consequently, it associates with CD3 molecules to form the TCR-CD3 complex, which enables signal transduction through their synergistic interactions. Biological functions of different subunits of CD3 Every subunit of CD3 has a distinct biological function and contributes to T cell development, activation, signal transduction, and immune regulation via synergistic interactions.
CD3ζ plays a pivotal role in T cell activation, enhances IL-2 production, positively regulates protein localization, and is involved in T cell antiviral defense. CD3ε is often used to develop immunotherapy drugs. For instance, humanized mouse models built using CD3ε can imitate the activation of T cells in humans, improving the assessment of the efficacy and safety of drugs that target CD3ε.
This condition is triggered by a single-base mutation in the CD3δ gene, resulting in premature termination of the CD3δ protein translation. The clinical applications of CD3γ are primarily linked to its vital role in T cell activation and signal transduction. However, direct clinical uses of CD3γ are currently relatively rare. As research on T cell immune response mechanisms advances and new immunotherapies are developed, the clinical significance of CD3γ is expected to increase.
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