What are El Niño and La Niña and how do they affect temperatures?

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What are El Niño and La Niña and how do they affect temperatures?
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A massive heat wave is putting nearly 100 million people under intense triple-digit heat in the coming days. Here's how El Niño is contributing to the high temperatures.

explains that the event weakens trade winds as warm water is pushed toward the west coast of the Americas, causing the Pacific jet stream to move south.

This transition causes the northern U.S. and Canada to experience dryer and warmer weather than usual, while the Gulf Coast and Southeast U.S. see more precipitation and flooding. is El Niño's equally impactful opposite, causing trade winds to be"stronger than usual," according to NOAA, and pushing warm water toward Asia. The colder waters in the Pacific Ocean force the aforementioned jet stream more north, generally causing drought in the Southwest U.S.

Michelle L'Heureux, a climate scientist at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, explained in June that El Niño can"lead to new records for temperatures, particularly in areas that already experience above-average temperatures during El Niño." that says the majority of the U.S. is expected to see"above-normal" average temperatures from July through September, particularly in the West, Gulf Coast and East regions.

Many states are expected to see triple-digits the week of July 10, Weather Channel meteorologist Stephanie Abrams said on"CBS Mornings."

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