What are CoCos — and how is it that Credit Suisse’s are now worthless?
The Swiss regulator on Sunday announced that it was writing the value of Credit Suisse’s additional Tier 1 bonds — also called AT1 bonds, or contingent convertible bonds or CoCos — down to zero, as part of the bank’s merger with UBS.
If a bank is functioning normally, investors are paid a coupon, just like any bondholder. But if things go wrong, the bank can “bail in” the CoCo investor, converting debt into shares in what would then be a troubled lender.European banks liked to issue CoCos, because they are counted as additional Tier 1 capital. They’re a way for banks to improve their capital ratios, as required under rules put in place after the crisis, without issuing more shares.
CoCos are perpetual bonds, or bonds that have no set maturity date. They can be redeemed if a bank exercises an option to do so, typically after a five-year period. But regulators may block banks from redeeming them, if the cost of issuing replacement debt is much higher. And if a bank becomes highly stressed like Credit Suisse, they can simply be written off.
The surprise for some investors on Monday is that the Swiss move has wiped out the bondholders but not the shareholders, even though bondholders typically rank above equity holders in capital structure.Under the terms of the deal with UBS, Credit Suisse shareholders will be able to exchange their shares for about 0.70 francs, which is below where the stock closed Friday, but more than the bondholders will receive.
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