We Could Discover new Kinds of Particles Around Black Holes Through Gravitational Waves universetoday storybywill
It’s a well-known fact that normal matter will infall toward black holes over time, which will form an accretion disk around its outer edge . This disk will be accelerated to incredible speeds, causing the material within to become super-heated and release tremendous amounts of radiation while slowly being accreted onto the black hole’s face. However, for the past few decades, scientists have observed that black holes will shed some of their mass through a process called “superradiance.
While scientists know that this phenomenon occurs, they also understand that it could only be explained through the existence of a new ultralight particle that exists beyond the Standard Model. This was the focus of the new paper, where lead author Daniel Baumann and his colleagues examined how superradiance causes unstable clouds of ultralight bosons to form around black holes spontaneously.
Artist’s concept of a “gravitational atom,” where a nucleus is surrounded by clouds of particles. Credit: UvA Institute of Physics “The orbital energy lost in this process can overwhelm the losses due to GW emission, so that ionization drives the inspiral rather than merely perturbing it. We show that the ionization power contains sharp features that lead to distinctive “kinks” in the evolution of the emitted GW frequency.”Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
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