US Threatens Tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China as Trade War Looms

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US Threatens Tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China as Trade War Looms
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President Donald Trump is poised to impose tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China on February 1st, escalating trade tensions and prompting global economic uncertainty. Trump's administration argues that the tariffs are necessary to address illegal immigration and the flow of fentanyl from these countries. However, economists and analysts warn that the tariffs could have significant negative consequences for all parties involved.

An aerial view of the Mexican Grupo Modelo beer factory in Mexico City underscores the potential economic fallout from escalating trade tensions. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum expressed confidence that her nation could avert the looming 25 percent tariffs from US counterpart Donald Trump slated for February 1st.

With less than 24 hours before President Trump's deadline to impose sweeping tariffs on the three largest US trading partners - Canada, Mexico, and China - the global economy is bracing for impact.Shortly after assuming office this month, Trump declared his intention to impose 25% tariffs on neighboring Canada and Mexico on February 1st unless they took stringent measures against illegal migrants crossing the US border and the flow of deadly fentanyl. He further hinted at an additional 10% duty on Chinese goods as early as Saturday, citing similar concerns regarding fentanyl. On Thursday, he reaffirmed his commitment to these tariffs on all three countries. In a subsequent escalation, he renewed threats of 100% tariffs on BRICS nations - a bloc encompassing Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - should they attempt to establish a rival to the US dollar.Fentanyl, significantly more potent than heroin, has been implicated in tens of thousands of overdose deaths annually. Beijing has previously refuted allegations of its involvement in this deadly trade, while Canada has countered that less than one percent of undocumented migrants and fentanyl entering the US originates from its northern border. JPMorgan analysts posit that these tariff threats serve as a 'bargaining chip' to expedite the renegotiation of a trade pact between the US, Mexico, and Canada. However, they caution that potentially dismantling a decades-long free-trade area could inflict a substantial shock. A salient lesson from Trump's first term was the propensity for abrupt policy shifts and threats, they emphasize. Tariffs, levied by US businesses to the government on purchases from abroad, can ultimately burden importers, foreign suppliers, or consumers. Wendong Zhang, an assistant professor at Cornell University, asserts that Canada and Mexico would bear the brunt of a 25% US tariff, coupled with retaliatory measures from both nations. He projects a potential loss of 3.6% and 2% of real GDP for Canada and Mexico respectively, while the US could suffer a 0.3% real GDP decline.Blanket US tariffs and an equally retaliatory response from Ottawa could potentially plunge Canada into a recession this year, predicts Tony Stillo of Oxford Economics, adding that the US also risks a shallow downturn. The possibility of exceptions remains unclear, with Trump suggesting he would decide Thursday whether to include crude oil imports in tariffs on Canada and Mexico. Canada and Mexico together supply over 70% of US crude oil imports, with almost 60% originating from Canada alone, according to a Congressional Research Service report. Stillo highlights that heavy oil, exported by Canada, is refined in the US, and readily available substitutes are scarce. US merchandise imports from both countries predominantly enter duty-free or with minimal rates on average, according to the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). A tariff increase would shock both industrial buyers and consumers, spanning a wide range of products from machinery to fruits, as noted in a PIIE report. This week, Canadian officials announced that Ottawa would provide pandemic-level financial support to workers and businesses should US tariffs materialize. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau affirmed Wednesday that Ottawa is actively working to avert these levies and stands ready to implement a robust response.Trump's nominee for commerce secretary, Howard Lutnick, stated Wednesday that 'there will be no tariff' if Canada and Mexico addressed immigration and fentanyl concerns. Trump continues to contemplate fresh tariffs on Chinese goods, hinting at their implementation. White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt revealed this week that 'the president has said that he is very much still considering that for February 1st.' Beijing has vowed to safeguard its 'national interests,' and a foreign ministry spokeswoman previously warned that 'there are no winners in a trade war.' Isaac Boltansky of financial services firm BTIG anticipates 'incremental tariff increases' on Chinese goods, with consumer goods likely to face lower hikes. Boltansky suggests that Trump will oscillate between 'carrots and sticks' with China, ultimately aiming for a comprehensive agreement before the culmination of his term

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