This article from Merck discusses conjugated polymer nanoparticles and their use in bioimaging.
Sponsored by MerckFeb 1 2024Reviewed by Emily Magee Iron oxide-incorporated conjugated polymer nanoparticles, also known as conjugated polymer nanoparticles , are highly fluorescent particles composed of a semiconductor light-emitting polymer core enveloped by a biocompatible surfactant.
Figure 1. Linkage scheme: CPNs linked via carboxyl groups to amino groups on targeting molecules, such as antibodies. This reaction is mediated by the use of 1-ethyl-3-carbodiimide . The ratio used in the standard linkage protocol would attach approximately 40 antibody IgG to each CPN. Image Credit: Merck
Figure 3. CPN structure alongside a light spectrum labeled with the range of CPNs available. CPNs absorb with a notable Stokes shift, larger than many organic dyes. Image Credit: Merck Figure 4. A) Solutions of CPNs under UV illumination and magnetic fields, outlining their dual modality for magnetism and fluorescence. 2 B) CPNs increase propensity for binding in a plate-based IgG binding assay. CPNs either unlinked or linked to IgG were incubated on plates coated with protein A/G to measure binding events.
Figure 5. Excitation and emission spectra for the CPN range, covering the visible and NIR spectra. Image Credit: Merck Attaching a CPN to a targeting element involves EDC chemistry linking amine groups on the protein to exposed carboxyl groups on the CPN surface .CPNs' brightness ensures highly sensitive detection, enabling the study of individual proteins in samples and cells, detectable even at single molecule levels in flow cytometry and immunocyto/histochemistry.16
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