Adolescents who use smartphones for more than three hours a day found to suffer more from back pain
In 2017 , 1628 students were randomly selected; 41 of these students refused to answer the questionnaire. In 2018 , out of the 1587 students who answered the questionnaire during T1, 138 changed schools, cities, or school time periods or dropped out of school, and 56 were not present during three consecutive visits. Therefore, the results of 1393 adolescents interviewed during T1 were analyzed during T2 .
Of all participants, the one-year prevalence was 38.4%, meaning that adolescents reported TSP during T1 and T2 . In addition, 155 adolescents who reported TSP at T1 did not report TSP at T2. The one-year incidence was 10.1%; i.e., they did not report TSP during T1, and they were referred as new cases of TSP .
After performing multivariate logistic regression comparing no TSP during either T1 or T2 with TSP only during T2 , the following variables remained risk factors for TSP: adolescent female sex was the only variable that remained in the model and was used as a potential covariate for the adjusted analysis in the second level.
In the present study, TSP was significantly associated with adolescent females aged 15 to 18 years over those aged 14 years or younger.
During this study, 38.4% of the adolescents reported ongoing TSP, and 10.1% reported new episodes of TSP. Epidemiological data, especially on TSP incidence in the general population, are extremely limited. Some data on TSP prevalence have been reported in other countries such as Australia [
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The association between psychosocial factors and mental health symptoms in cervical spine pain with or without radiculopathy on health outcomes: a systematic review - BMC Musculoskeletal DisordersBackground Neck pain, with or without radiculopathy, can have significant negative effects on physical and mental wellbeing. Mental health symptoms are known to worsen prognosis across a range of musculoskeletal conditions. Understanding the association between mental health symptoms and health outcomes in this population has not been established. Our aim was to systematically review the association between psychosocial factors and/or mental health symptoms on health outcomes in adults with neck pain, with or without radiculopathy. Methods A systematic review of published and unpublished literature databases was completed. Studies reporting mental health symptoms and health outcomes in adults with neck pain with or without radiculopathy were included. Due to significant clinical heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was completed. Each outcome was assessed using GRADE. Results Twenty-three studies were included (N = 21,968 participants). Sixteen studies assessed neck pain only (N = 17,604 participants); seven studies assessed neck pain with radiculopathy (N = 4,364 participants). Depressive symptoms were associated with poorer health outcomes in people with neck pain and neck pain with radiculopathy. These findings were from seven low-quality studies, and an additional six studies reported no association. Low-quality evidence reported that distress and anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer health outcomes in people with neck pain and radiculopathy and very low-quality evidence showed this in people with neck pain only. Stress and higher job strain were negatively associated with poorer health outcomes measured by the presence of pain in two studies of very low quality. Conclusions Across a small number of highly heterogenous, low quality studies mental health symptoms are negatively associated with health outcomes in people with neck pain with radiculopathy and neck pain without radiculopathy. Clinicians should continue to utilise robust clinical reasoning whe
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Lesional Antibody Synthesis and Complement Deposition Associate With De Novo Antineuronal Antibody Synthesis After Spinal Cord InjuryBackground and Objectives Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the fine-balanced interaction between the CNS and immune system and can cause maladaptive aberrant immune responses. The study examines emerging autoantibody synthesis after SCI with binding to conformational spinal cord epitopes and surface peptides located on the intact neuronal membrane. Methods This is a prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted in acute care and inpatient rehabilitation centers in conjunction with a neuropathologic case-control study in archival tissue samples ranging from acute injury (baseline) to several months thereafter (follow-up). In the cohort study, serum autoantibody binding was examined in a blinded manner using tissue-based assays (TBAs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cultures. Groups with traumatic motor complete SCI vs motor incomplete SCI vs isolated vertebral fracture without SCI (controls) were compared. In the neuropathologic study, B cell infiltration and antibody synthesis at the spinal lesion site were examined by comparing SCI with neuropathologically unaltered cord tissue. In addition, the CSF in an individual patient was explored. Results Emerging autoantibody binding in both TBA and DRG assessments was restricted to an SCI patient subpopulation only (16%, 9/55 sera) while being absent in vertebral fracture controls (0%, 0/19 sera). Autoantibody binding to the spinal cord characteristically detected the substantia gelatinosa, a less-myelinated region of high synaptic density involved in sensory-motor integration and pain processing. Autoantibody binding was most frequent after motor complete SCI (grade American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale A/B, 22%, 8/37 sera) and was associated with neuropathic pain medication. In conjunction, the neuropathologic study demonstrated lesional spinal infiltration of B cells (CD20, CD79a) in 27% (6/22) of patients with SCI, the presence of plasma cells (CD138) in 9% (2/22). IgG and IgM antibody syntheses
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A new study of studies reignites controversy over mask mandatesMost papers are inconclusive, though the largest covid-era study showed benefits
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Mediterranean diet linked to greater biodiversity and food security, study findsTo combat the double burden of non-communicable diseases and climate change, adopting sustainable and healthy diets and transitioning to sustainable food systems is essential. To support food security and sustainable development, the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been widely recognized as a healthy nutrition and biodiversity resource. A recent Advances in Nutrition study explored biodiversity and analyzed food-plant diversity differences between the Western diet and the MD.
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