This article from Merck outlines the properties and applications of silver nanomaterials.
Sponsored by MerckFeb 1 2024Reviewed by Emily Magee Silver nanomaterials possess distinctive physical, chemical, and optical characteristics that are used for a diverse array of applications.
This article summarizes the importance of precisely engineering silver nanoparticle size and shape for various applications. In aqueous media, numerous nanoparticles gain electrostatic stabilization through the introduction of charged species at the particle surface. The surface charge of silver nanoparticles can be regulated by coating them with citrate ions, providing a robust negative charge.
Optical Properties Silver and other noble metal nanoparticles exhibit strong interaction with light because the conduction electrons on the metal surface undergo a collective oscillation when they are excited by light at specific wavelengths. Smaller nanospheres primarily absorb light with plasmon resonance peaks around 400 nm, while larger spheres exhibit increased scattering with peaks broadening and shifting towards longer wavelengths.
The distinctive property of silver to exhibit high toxicity towards bacteria while maintaining minimal toxicity to humans has facilitated its integration into a diverse array of products, including wound dressings, packaging materials, and anti-fouling surface coatings. The nanoparticle environment, including elevated temperatures and the presence of chlorine, thiols, and oxygen, also strongly influences ion release.
Figure 3. Dark field microscopy images of 60 nm diameter silver nanospheres, 75 nm diameter silver nanocubes, and 100 nm diameter silver nanocubes, illustrating the ability to tune the scattering color of silver nanoparticle labels based on size and shape. Image Credit: Merck The SERS effect elevates the Raman scattering of attached molecules by up to 14 orders of magnitude, enabling the detection of even single molecules.
By positioning the fluorophore at a slight distance from the particle surface, fluorescence quenching is prevented while still maintaining the high local electromagnetic field. This strategic spacing leads to a significant enhancement in the photoemission from the molecule. Future biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles will necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their interaction with biological systems.
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