The Low-Stakes Race to Crack an Encrypted German U-Boat Message

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The Low-Stakes Race to Crack an Encrypted German U-Boat Message
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A ramshackle team of American scientists scrambled to decode the Nazi cipher before the time ran out. Luckily, they had a secret weapon.

Saturday in July, at approximately 15:30 hours, the first signals come in over the radio receiver. Its faintis barely detectable as a small team of engineers and scientists scramble to their stations and listen, trying to decipher the message, delivered through Morse code. They have 72 hours and time is ticking. What was once an auxiliary room above a garage in suburban Maryland is now command central.“Did anyone reach out to Los Alamos?” asks someone.

Tim Koeth, a professor and nuclear physicist in the department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Maryland, just so happens to have an original three-rotor Enigma machine. Of the 145 participants in this year’s Crypto Transmission Event, Koeth is the only one using an Enigma machine. Now, if he can just get it to work before time runs out.

A primer: An Enigma is a device used by the German military command to encode strategic messages before and during WWII. From the outside, it looks a lot like a courtroom stenography machine. Inside is a whole other story, involving a complex system of letter keys and plugboards and rotors. The important thing—and what Koeth is trying to gather—is information about the starting position, the order of the three rotors, and how to position the plugs in the board.

“I need total quiet,” he says, moving between two of the three radios he’s set up in preparation for the event. He adjusts some knobs and waits for another call sign from Inverness. In total, the message will be sent four times: twice in Morse code, twice in radio teletype. Jim “Jimbo” Krutzler, an electrical engineer from Flemington, New Jersey, sits in front of the third radio, an open box of Snickerdoodles by his side. Krutzler and Koeth met as undergrads at Rutgers University, at an activity fair for the ham radio club. It’s also where Koeth met his wife, Michelle Koeth, who is downstairs entertaining around 50 guests who have shown up for the couple’s annual High Voltage Weekend.

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