There have been 435 voting members of Congress since 1913, and in all that time, only twice has a speaker of the House not been elected on the first ballot. In 1923, it took three days and nine ballots for the House to elect a speaker.
historian Andrew E. Busch noted that most of the ousted Republicans were allies of President Warren G. Harding. The progressive wing of the GOP took their ouster as win for its camp.Back then, the new Congress wasn’t sworn in until March 1923, and it didn’t meet for its first session until December 1923, meaning 13 months had passed between the election and the vote for a new speaker. In that time, Harding died suddenly and his successor, Calvin Coolidge, assumed the presidency.
The votes for Cooper and Madden came from Republicans whom The Washington Post referred to as “La Follette insurgents,” after progressive GOP Sen. Robert La Follette , whom they would support for president the next year.Little changed on the second ballot. Madden went up to six votes, and five fewer members voted altogether. Two more ballots that day yielded similar results. That evening, the leader of the insurgents, Rep.
The next day, Dec. 4, was a repeat: Four rounds of voting, with the 17 members voting for Cooper and five members voting for Madden holding firm. Coolidge had been scheduled to make a major address as soon as the new Congress was seated; it had now been delayed for two days, The Post reported. That night, House Majority Leader Nicholas Longworth held an emergency meeting with the insurgents, assuring them that any changes to House rules that they proposed would be given a fair hearing.
Issues resolved, the next day went smoothly. A ninth and final vote yielded the 215 votes Gillett needed to remain speaker.
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