More than 350,000 refugees have fled across Sudan's borders since war between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) erupted in April, with more than 90,000 people coming to eastern Chad to seek safety from the conflict.
The central patch of Sudan and Chad's 869-mile border is a dried river bed of wet light sand and large puddles of water.
Large boulders and desert hills mark the Chadian side of the valley. Under many of its thorn trees are new Sudanese refugees, fleeing the brutal ongoing violence in their border town.Just across the river is the lush greenery of Darfur's western borderlands and behind a hill, smoke billows and gunfire echo out.Many people from Masterai are farmers who have now been forced to cede their land to tribal Arab militias"These are the rifles that have been hitting us.
Their town Masterai is one of the largest border settlements in the region. Many of them are farmers who have now been forced to cede their land to tribal Arab militias. In 2003, many in Darfur called them the janjaweed - devils on horseback - and in 2023, they simply call them"the Arabs".Image:Maryam Adam is standing under a tree with her relatives and neighbours when we meet her. She fled with her pregnant daughter and some of the children in her family.Her sister is missing.
"When the war started Chad made the decision to secure the entire border but there are still pathways for civilians to make it through," says Ali Mohamed, Chad's chief regional officer stationed in Adre.Pregnant woman and baby killed in shooting In Adre's Central Hospital, Medicines Sans Frontier have set up three tents to treat wounded civilians.
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