Chip manufacturing, gravitational wave detectors, and quantum computers could all benefit from better ways to measure a vacuum. A vacuum chamber is never perfectly empty. A small number of atoms or molecules always remain, and measuring the tiny pressures they exert is critical. For instance, sem
To verify the accuracy of their new approach for measuring ultra-low vacuum pressures, NIST researchers built a high-performance version of a traditional pressure metrology setup, known as a dynamic expansion system. In this system, they injected gas at a flow rate of roughly 10 to 100 billion molecules per second into the top chamber. The gas moved from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, which is evacuated by a large pump, at a known rate through a precisely dimensioned orifice.
Having developed CAVS over the last seven years, NIST researchers recently put their technique through its most rigorous tests to date.
Dynamic expansion systems work by injecting a known amount of gas, measured in molecules per second, into a vacuum chamber, then slowly removing the gas from the other end of the chamber at a known rate. The researchers then calculate the resulting pressure in the chamber. “Indeed, the portable version is so simple, we eventually decided to automate it such that we very rarely had to intervene in its operation. In fact, most of the data from the portable CAVS for this study was taken while we were comfortably asleep at home,” said NIST physicist Dan Barker.
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