Cryptography is the fundamental building block on which our digital lives are based relying on one critical assumption – that the current encryption is unbreakable by even the most powerful computers in existence. But what if that assumption was not only challenged but realistically compromised?
Operation Center inside a freight truck in London, U.K., on Monday, Jan. 21, 2019. IBM took another step toward bringing the world of quantum computing to commercial applications — and Chief Executive Officer Ginni Rometty sees real results coming as soon as 2021. Photographer: Luke MacGregor/BloombergWhether we realize it or not, cryptography is the fundamental building block on which our digital lives are based.
This is exactly what happened when Peter Shor proposed his algorithm in 1995, dubbed Shor’s Algorithm. The key to unlocking the encryption on which today’s digital security relies is in finding the prime factors of large integers. While factoring is relatively simple with small integers that have only a few digits, factoring integers that have thousands of digits or more is another matter altogether. Shor proposed a polynomial-time quantum algorithm to solve this factoring problem.
Prior to Shor’s Algorithm, for example, the most powerful computer today would take millions of years to find the prime factors of a 2048-bit composite integer. Without Shor’s algorithm, even quantum computers would take such an inordinate amount of time to accomplish the task as to render it unusable by bad actors. With Shor’s Algorithm, this same factoring can potentially be accomplished in a matter of hours.
That being said, even with this breakthrough algorithm, it still requires a quantum computer to compromise today’s encryption. This begs the question, why do we as an industry need to address this issue now, before we have practical quantum computers? First and foremost, this eventuality is not a potential but an inevitable consequence of the current progress of quantum computing. According to Dr.
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