Two potential breakthroughs to keep an eye out for in the coming year are nasal vaccines and variant-proof vaccines WorldAhead
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskSignificant new variants, some more contagious, others more severe, have been coming, on average, at a rate of two per year. What future ones might look like is hard to say, as is predicting how the world’s defences against them—in the form of vaccines and immunity from past infections—will hold up.
But much will depend on how people behave—and that is the hardest thing for modellers to predict. On London’s Underground, a pattern has emerged: masks become more common as cases rise, then come off as the waves subside. And when covid case numbers rise, lots of people test themselves before visiting elderly relatives. Such testing is getting easier: an app that analyses a person’s voice and breathing can identify covid infections 89% of the time.
Vaccines sprayed into the nose or throat aim to create immunity in the cells that are first to come into contact with the virus—thus stopping it from proliferating there and then, and halting the chain of molecular events in the body that cause the disease. More important, such vaccines could prevent transmission, which first-generation covid jabs failed to do . In September 2022 India and China approved covid vaccines that are sprayed into the nose and mouth.
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