A lake at the summit of the volcano provides the main clues to what is happening below. While passing over the North Island of New Zealand, an astronaut onboard the International Space Station (ISS) took a photograph of Mount Ruapehu, offering a nadir (straight down) view of the mountain and Tong
that stands 2,797 meters tall at its highest point. It is the tallest mountain on the North Island.
A stratovolcano, also called a composite volcano, is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes have a steep slope and occasional explosive eruptions. They are among the most common types of volcanoes,while shield volcanoes are less common. Three of the most famous examples of stratovolcanoes are Vesuvius in Italy, whose catastrophic eruption in AD 79 buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum; Krakatoa in Indonesia, known for its catastrophic eruption in 1883; and Mount St. Helens in Washington, which had a major eruption in 1980.
Near the summit lies Crater Lake , which is heated by a hydrothermal system within the volcano. The lake remains warm year-round and is highly acidic . Lake temperatures usually fluctuate within this temperature range, so prolonged spikes in temperatures can signal impending volcanic activity.
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