New research suggests that respiratory failures caused by the coronavirus may be spurred by infection of the neurons that control breathing
of the closely related coronaviruses causing SARS and MERS found SARS-CoV virus in patients’ brains. Once inside the brain, the virus resides almost exclusively inside neurons rather than in other types of brain cells , suggesting a trans-neuronal mode of infection rather than invasion of the brain from system-wide infection and entry through the blood-brain barrier, which can also happen.
Such neurological symptoms can result from systemic disease, but coronaviruses can infect neurons. The incidence of neuronal infection in COVID-19 is unclear, because olfactory and brain tissue are not typically sampled at autopsy. The disease primarily attacks the lungs, but the cases involving neuronal infection would be the direst. Although neurons can be infected, the route of brain infection taken by coronaviruses is not known in people.
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