Simulations of ocean warming show that future marine heatwaves that last more than 13 days would kill off all of the world's common sea stars
, 100 per cent of sea stars died before the 13-day heatwave had concluded. In all three future warming scenarios, the sea stars ate fewer mussels, though animals in the no-heatwave and present-day conditions maintained a healthy appetite and weight. Sea stars in the two warmest scenarios also took the longest to right themselves after being flipped over. “The longer the heatwave lasted, the stronger the effect became,” says Wolf.
The sea stars used in the study were collected off the coast of Germany, so it is possible some members of their species from warmer areas of the Atlantic may have higher heat tolerance, saysSurprisingly, the sea stars that endured heatwaves in each scenario were more likely to survive the subsequent shock of cold water that mimicked upwelling, which can stress the animals by depleting them of oxygen.
He doesn’t yet know the mechanism behind this ability but suspects it might be that animals that survive increased temperatures have a higher expression of so-called heat shock proteins, which help guard existing proteins against damage from stress.
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