In a Methodology article published in Systematic Reviews, FionaBell19 and colleagues detail and describe some of the broad approaches within the evidence synthesis toolkit, specifically scoping reviews, mapping reviews, and evidence and gap maps.
What types of evidence are available in a given field?How and where research is conducted on a certain topic?
These approaches enable a better understanding is gained of phenomena by seeing it within a wider context. Olson et al. 2021 [] uses the allegory of the blind monks who examine the elephant, where close inspection of one part of the whole means that meaning is lost. A complete picture is needed to really understand what the elephant is. It is clear, when seeking to operationalize what is meant by a “broad” topic area that perspective matters.
Identifying research gaps is often a stated part of all types of research; indeed, implications for “research and practice” are an expected part of all health and social care-related research. Identifying research gaps is often a primary purpose of scoping, mapping, and mapping reviews with EGMs more than other types of review design. In particular, mapping reviews with or without evidence gap maps address this purpose with a transparency and rigor that is unique.
Mapping and mapping reviews with EGMs aim to describe the state of evidence for a question or topic. The review questions may therefore be open framed and broad. However, the question can be close framed and narrow. Key elements of the question can be formulated by a framework such as PO .
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