Breastcancer findings 'suggest a new set of criteria for avoiding radiation' harvardmed
Our results confirm earlier observations that radiation therapy significantly improves local control but not overall survival among women with breast cancer. Although it is true that 99 percent of the group given tamoxifen plus irradiation, as compared with 96 percent of the tamoxifen group, were free from local or regional recurrence at five years , the clinical significance of this absolute decrease of 3 percent must be considered critically.
None of the women in the group given tamoxifen plus irradiation had an axillary recurrence, and there were no axillary recurrences among the 115 women in the tamoxifen group who had undergone axillary dissection. There were only 2 women with axillary recurrences among the 204 women in this group who had not undergone axillary dissection; in both, salvage therapy with axillary dissection was successful.
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Progression of Alzheimer's disease parallels unusual structural plasticity of human dentate granule cells - Acta Neuropathologica CommunicationsAlzheimer´s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in industrialized countries, severely targets the hippocampal formation in humans and mouse models of this condition. The adult hippocampus hosts the continuous addition of new dentate granule cells (DGCs) in numerous mammalian species, including humans. Although the morphology and positioning of DGCs within the granule cell layer (GCL) match their developmental origin in rodents, a similar correlation has not been reported in humans to date. Our data reveal that DGCs located in inner portions of the human GCL show shorter and less complex dendrites than those found in outer portions of this layer, which are presumably generated developmentally. Moreover, in AD patients, DGCs show early morphological alterations that are further aggravated as the disease progresses. An aberrantly increased number of DGCs with several primary apical dendrites is the first morphological change detected in patients at Braak-Tau I/II stages. This alteration persists throughout AD progression and leads to generalized dendritic atrophy at late stages of the disease. Our data reveal the distinct vulnerability of several morphological characteristics of DGCs located in the inner and outer portions of the GCL to AD and support the notion that the malfunction of the hippocampus is related to cognitive impairments in patients with AD.
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