Link confirmed: Infant RSV infections increase likelihood of childhood asthma RSV ChildhoodAsthma WheezingIllnesses RespiratoryHealth EarlyLifeInfections ChildhoodIllness RSVResearch AsthmaRisk PediatricHealth TheLancet
By Bhavana KunkalikarMay 30 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in The Lancet, researchers explore the correlation between respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and the development of asthma in childhood.
Previous studies have also indicated that the correlation between childhood asthma and RSV bronchiolitis may be influenced by the common genetic predisposition for severe RSV infection in early life and wheezing phenotypes in children. Determining whether preventing RSV infection in infancy can reduce the risk of childhood asthma is crucial for developing effective primary prevention methods, reducing respiratory morbidity in children, and establishing healthcare policies.
For children who met specific criteria for acute respiratory infection, the team conducted an in-person assessment that included a parental questionnaire, physical examination, nasal wash collection, and structured medical chart review in individuals who had received healthcare. RSV was detected molecularly using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction .
Study findings Of the total enrollment of 1,952 children in INSPIRE, 1,946 met the eligibility criteria, 1,220 of whom underwent in-person respiratory illness examination, and 1,709 provided a blood sample at the age of one year. Among the 1,946 children enrolled, 2,093 in-person assessments were conducted to evaluate respiratory illness.
The prevalence of RSV infection in infancy was 944 out of 1,741 children. Out of 944 infants with RSV infection, 47 tested positive through nasal wash using RT-qPCR exclusively, 583 tested positive for RSV serology at the age of one year exclusively, and 314 tested positive for both. Non-RSV-infected infants were more likely to be born vaginally, recruited at a younger age, and non-Hispanic White in comparison to their RSV-infected counterparts.
Children without RSV infection during infancy had a lower proportion of recurrent wheezing as compared to those with RSV infection at each measured time point from ages one to four years. The relationship between RSV infection during infancy and recurrent wheezing in preschool children showed temporal variability in repeated outcome analyses.
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