Nowadays, NOAA satellites and sophisticated lightning mapping arrays help detect and map lightning around the world—but it took us centuries to get here. Learn how the study of lightning has evolved since the 1700s:
based on an early radio wave receiver in the late 1800s. It detected lightning by sensing its electromagnetic pulses using a coherer receiver that had been invented by Édouard Branly in 1890. A coherer consists of a tube containing two closely spaced electrodes. Between the electrodes are iron filings that stick together, establishing a path through which an electrical current can flow.
Time-of-arrival geolocation techniques were developed in the 1930s and 1940s to aid in ship navigation. In the late 1950s, meteorologists began using these same techniques to locate lightning. The TOA method used the delay in arrival time at multiple lightning detection stations to determine where the lightning was and when it would arrive in the area of concern.Lightning Mapping Array
systems were developed. These are a network of stations consisting of antennas, GPS receivers, and processing systems that detect lightning and estimate the location and travel speed of the lightning bolt based on the time it takes the frequency signal radiated by the discharge to arrive at the various antenna stations in the array.
One of the sensors in the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory’s portable Lightning Mapping Array .Although you may hear the term “lightning prediction,” lightning strikes can not truly be predicted. What can be predicted are electrostatic events. However, not all of these lead to lightning, so lightning “prediction” is not especially reliable. Observations and technology are bringing people closer to accurate predictions.
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