Latin America’s state-run oil giants are struggling

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Latin America’s state-run oil giants are struggling
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Latin America’s oil companies are too consumed by old challenges to deal with the new ones

often noted, can bring a country both wealth and woe. In Venezuela, by some measures home to the world’s largest proven oil reserves, it has mostly been the latter of late. Petróleos de Venezuela saw production peak in 1998, when Hugo Chávez was elected president. In the years that followed the left-wing tribune and his authoritarian successor, Nicolás Maduro, purged’s professional staff, strong-armed its international partners and raided its coffers.

Some politicians and executives also used the companies as personal piggy banks—the second common problem. Corruption scandals rocked Petrobras, Petroecuador and Pemex, as well as. Petrobras took a particular nosedive when it emerged that construction firms paid Brazilian politicians billions of dollars in bribes in exchange for padded contracts to build refineries and other infrastructure.

Still, Petrobras remains vulnerable to political undulations. Last year the government reintroduced petrol subsidies to appease angry lorry drivers. Mr Parente resigned and Petrobras shares took a knock. Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s new president, appointed Roberto Castello Branco, a well-regarded economist who had served on the company’s board and looked set to continue Mr Parente’s market-friendly policies.

Latin America’s other state oil champions are minnows next to Petrobras and Pemex. But their experiences are nevertheless instructive. In Argentina, the oil industry has been scarred by the decision in 2012 by the then president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, to renationalise 51% of, privatised 19 years earlier. Ms Fernández’s market-friendly successor, Mauricio Macri, has made it easier for foreign firms to invest in the country.

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