Largest-ever map of 56,000 galaxies is demystifying the universe's expansion

The night sky may look deceptively still, but the universe is constantly expanding, which means everything keeps trekking through the void.

How can something infinite be mapped? Nobody knows how far the universe reaches, but to construct Cosmicflows-4, the research team determined the distances and velocities of thousands of galaxies eight different ways.

They used data from their own studies and others, with most of the data coming from the ALFALFA HI survey from theGalaxies are always rotating, and the rate of that rotation — along with luminosity and other elements, such as the"barcodes" of light that scientists call spectra — can reveal the distance of each galaxy. The researchers kept the margin of error extremely low by incorporating many precise measurements and distances from various galaxies.

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