We need to find new and better ways to talk about our society
Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email.here are many reasons for Jacob Zuma’s electoral success in KwaZulu-Natal and it should not be reduced to the politicisation of ethnicity.
European colonialism did not encounter and then describe and try to manage “tribes” in Africa. European colonialism brought the idea of the “tribe” to Africa and imposed on it on political formations, languages, social practices, objects, symbols, myths, art and forms of spirituality that had never been understood as “tribal” by Africans. Academics Carolyn Hamilton and Nessa Leibhammer have, usefully verbing a noun, called this process “tribing”.
All this became central to colonial forms of governance. Colonial Natal was the key site for the development of the form of English colonial government in which, as Ugandan intellectual Mahmood Mamdani has shown, the “native is pinned down, localised, thrown out of civilisation as an outcast, confined to custom, and then defined as its product”.
Anti-colonial nationalism often sought to overcome the identities that colonialism had reified as “tribes” to form nations. In 1911, a year before the formation of what would become the ANC, Pixley ka Isaka Seme wrote against the “demon” of ethnic divisions and jealousies and for the “priceless jewels” that come from cooperation on the road to “national success”.
Mamdani and others have shown that, with the notable exception of Tanzania, post-colonial states generally took over colonial forms of indirect rule, confining access to certain rights to specific territories where they could be accessed through claims about origin rather than by residence.
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