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Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered “tissue resident” memory cells in the upper airways that are primed to combat SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory diseases. This study, which also introduced a new swabbing technique to collect these elusive cells, indicates these immune cells are crucial for quick response to infections and could inform the development of more effective vaccines. Credit: SciTechDaily.
The scientists say these findings may lead to better vaccines to boost immune protection. “This discovery helps us understand immunity to pathogens and will hopefully help us develop new vaccines against viruses that infect the airway,” Crotty says. Ramirez calls the discovery of these long-lived immune cells “really striking.” These specialized “tissue resident” immune cells were adapted to surviving in the upper airway, and they stayed in the airway for at least six months.The scientists also found that the adenoids became more active in response to infection. Adenoids are unique sentinel immune system tissue that sit at the back of the nasal passages, just above the top of the throat.
For the new study, the researchers worked closely with LJI Clinical Director Gina Levi, R.N., and clinical coordinators in LJI’s John and Susan Major Center for Clinical Investigation to develop a new swabbing technique to sample these elusive immune cells. “My coordinators and I were able to get study participants swabbed before 1 p.m. each day,” says Levi, who co-authored the new study. “We’d have things ready to process the cells right away, and then Sydney would stay late to analyze the samples.”Going forward, the LJI researchers are interested in studying how immune cell populations in the airway shift in response to intranasal vaccines, such as the influenza vaccine FluMist, which is sprayed into the nose.
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