A beginner's guide to the graduated neutral density (GND) filter.
A Graduated Neutral Density filter, or simply a GND filter, is a very helpful tool for landscape and outdoor photography.
This provides a lighter effect than the soft graduated filter and it is ideal for scenarios in which the Sun is close to the horizon.The full graduated filter has its entire surface tinted, meaning that it has a very long and uninterrupted transition between the densest and the lightest area of the glass. For example, the densest area might be 3-stops and the lightest 1-stop.
Screw-on GND filters are generally blender-type filters, meaning that its transition between the darkest and the lightest part is very mild. Although the glass area is much smaller compared to a rectangular GND filter and the gradient effect might affect a bigger part of the frame, still it is a very useful filter for landscape photography, especially when you want to carry only the necessary in your camera bag.
It is important to note that it is not necessary for the filter to be placed straight and parallel to the horizon, as depending on the scene and where the light is coming from, some parts of the sky might be already darker than others, meaning that it is possible to orientate the filter in any angle that suits our needs.
However, this can be complicated out in the field, resulting in possible missing shots, so the simpler way to calculate the correct exposure is to just use the first step, and just take a reading using the center-weighted option of the light meter only from the ground, and select the exposure settings based on that reading.
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