Ludovico Lami of QuSoft and the University of Amsterdam and Mark M. Wilde of Cornell have achieved a major breakthrough in the field of quantum computing by developing a formula that predicts the impact of environmental noise. This formula is critical in the creation of quantum computers that can wo
by developing a formula that predicts the impact of environmental noise. This formula is critical in the creation of quantum computers that can work in imperfect real-world conditions.Quantum computing utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics for computation purposes. Unlike conventional computers that operate using bits that are either 0 or 1, quantum computers utilize quantum bits which can be in a superposition of 0 and 1 simultaneously.
Environmental noise, here represented as a little demon, can affect the state of a quantum computer by changing the phases of various branches of its wave function in an unpredictable fashion; we call this dephasing. Here, the position of the hand of the clock represents the phase of a particular branch of the wave function. Its modification, not known to us, will affect the delicate ballet of phase recombination which quantum computations rely on. Credit: L.
At the end of its computation, the quantum computer recombines the results of all computations it simultaneously carried out on different branches of the wave function into a single answer. “The phases associated with the different branches play a key role in determining the outcome of this recombination process, not unlike how the timing of a ballerina’s steps plays a key role in determining the success of a ballet performance,” explains Lami.
Dephasing can occur in everyday devices such as optical fibers, which are used to transfer information in the form of light. Light rays traveling through an optical fiber can take different paths; since each path is associated with a specific phase, not knowing the path taken amounts to an effective dephasing noise., Lami and Wilde analyze a model, called the bosonic dephasing channel, to study how noise affects the transmission of quantum information.
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