How our brain tries to beat the heat \u002D and why heatstroke is dangerous
However, there can be significant differences in individual heat tolerance and there are people who collapse below this threshold, Laitano said.The cells in our body function properly only in a relatively narrow band of temperatures, which is regulated to be between 98 and 99.5F in a healthy human. Extreme heat damages our cells, degrades proteins and harms DNA.
We also have an internal thermostat located in our brain’s hypothalamus called the preoptic area. By sensing our core body temperature, it can activate automatic autonomic systems to begin cooling the body when it reaches a certain temperature, such as through sweating and dilating our blood vessels.
Our brain’s internal thermostat also activates the sympathetic nervous system causing blood vessels in our skin to dilate. Our heart more than doubles its output to meet the increased demand, and pumps warm blood from our body’s core to the surface, where it should cool off – if the outside air isn’t hotter.Article content
It is estimated that the mortality rate of exertional heatstroke could reach around 27%, while mortality in classic heatstroke could be much higher, due to its predominance in already vulnerable people.Early data show that 10 to 28% of patients who survive heatstroke may sustain long-term cognitive or neurological damage, particularly involving dysfunction of the cerebellum, a brain region important for coordinating our movement.
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