COVID-19 'test to treat' sites less accessible to many marginalized communities brighamwomens journalgim jamanetworkopen
To explore geographic disparities in antiviral access, we quantified the accessibility of Test to Treat sites for subpopulations by race, ethnicity, age, and rurality.We analyzed published geolocations of all COVID-19 Test to Treat sites from HealthData.gov as of May 4, 2022. We calculated drive times from the population center of every census tract to the 10 geographically closest sites and identified the shortest time.
reporting guideline for cross-sectional studies. We analyzed data using ArcGIS Pro, version 2.8.6 and R, version 4.2.0 We identified 2227 unique Test to Treat sites. The sites were concentrated around metropolitan centers, with shorter drive times most noticeable near urban areas . Overall, 15% of the US population, but 59% of rural residents, lived more than 60 minutes from the nearest site.
Compared with White individuals , American Indian or Alaskan Native individuals lived farther from sites, whereas Asian individuals , Hispanic individuals , and Black individuals lived closer to sites. Rural residents had longer drive times than urban residents , consistent across all demographic subgroups . American Indian or Alaskan Native individuals had the longest median drive times among both urban and rural subpopulations.
Asian, Black, and Hispanic populations lived closer to sites, but geographic accessibility alone is insufficient for pharmacoequity. These populations have been less likely to receive outpatient COVID-19 therapeutics than White individuals despite elevated risk of infection and severe disease.
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