The Edo people in what is now Nigeria created the Benin Bronzes, a series of metal sculptures that have now been shown to share properties with brass rings used in the transatlantic slave trade
The world-famous Benin Bronze artworks created by African metalsmiths between the 16th and 19th centuries were made of brass rings produced in Germany’s Rhineland region. These rings were used as currency in theThe Edo people in what is now modern-day Nigeria created the Benin Bronzes in the shape of heads, plaques, figurines and other objects by combining metal components with carved ivory or wood.
at the Georg Agricola University of Applied Sciences in Germany and his colleagues performed a chemical analysis of 67 manillas discovered in five Atlantic shipwreck sites – including those off Cape Cod near Massachusetts and the English Channel – along with several land-based archaeological sources in Sweden, Ghana and Sierra Leona.
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German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic tradeUtilizing geochemical analysis, this study identifies the sources of European brass used in the casting of the renowned Benin Bronzes, produced by the Edo people of Nigeria. It is commonly believed that distinctive brass rings known as “manillas”, used as currency in the European trade in West Africa, also served as a metal source for the making of the Bronzes. However, prior to the current study, no research had conclusively connected the Benin artworks and the European manillas. For this research, manillas from shipwrecks in African, American and European waters dating between the 16th and 19th Century were analysed using ICP-MS analysis. Comparing trace elements and lead isotope ratios of manillas and Benin Bronzes identifies Germany as the principal source of the manillas used in the West African trade between the 15th and 18th centuries before British industries took over the brass trade in the late 18th century.
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