Factors shaping maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy and the impact on infant health maternalhealth pregnancycomplications infanthealth gutmicrobiome preeclampsia diet IBD neurodevelopment microbiome hostgenetics UnivGroningen
Study: The maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy and its role in maternal and infant health. Image Credit: Design_Cells / Shutterstock
Alteration in gut microbiota during pregnancy Only limited evidence is available to thoroughly understand the changes in gut microbiota during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal health. However, according to the available literature, low-grade inflammation at the intestinal mucosa as well as hormonal changes, might be responsible for gut microbiota alteration during pregnancy.
Animal studies have shown that maternal diet influences maternal and infant gut microbiota composition before and during pregnancy. Both pre-pregnancy body weight and pregnancy-related weight gain have been found to alter the composition and diversity of maternal gut microbiota. Certain diseases before pregnancy, such as inflammatory bowel disease, have been found to influence maternal microbiota during pregnancy. Similarly, pre-pregnancy and during-pregnancy consumption of certain medications, including antibiotics, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, laxatives, and probiotics, has been found to influence maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy.
Recent evidence indicates that preeclampsia onset is associated with reduced bacterial diversity in gut microbiota. Specifically, the changes in gut microbiota include a depletion in beneficial bacteria and an enrichment in opportunistic bacteria.
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