Exploring DNA methylation biomarkers of multiple sclerosis IJMS_MDPI UniofNewcastle karolinskainst MonashUni MS disease DNA methylation epigenetics multiplesclerosis
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Aug 14 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Epigenome-wide association studies of DNA have established that altered DNA methylation is associated with multiple sclerosis . Considering this evidence, a recent International Journal of Molecular Sciences study identifies cell-specific DNA methylation signatures associated with MS.
Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to MS risk. Although many studies related to MS are available, limited information is currently available on the precise pathogenesis of MS. Other factors that increase MS risk include viral infection, particularly Epstein-Barr Virus , low ultraviolet radiation exposure, smoking, low vitamin D levels, and nulliparity. Although the exact mechanism linked to MS is not clear, there is a clear epigenetic connection that increases the risk of MS.
Related StoriesA total of 583 individuals with MS and 643 controls from three independent groups were analyzed in this study. The discovery group comprised 208 MS cases and 402 matched non-MS controls. For this group, whole blood samples were collected at baseline from The Australian Multi-Centre Study of Environment and Immune Function .
As compared to previously described genetic risk factors, the current study provided evidence that methylation alone is a strong determining factor for MS. However, future research is needed to establish whether alterations in methylation are causative or a consequence of MS. Differential DNA methylation was primarily linked to B-cells and monocytes, with minimal contribution from CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In addition to the thirteen differentially methylated positions located at HLA genes, two additional robust signals localized to interferon-related genes were identified, thus suggesting that DMPs could be influenced by MS treatment.
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