“Every autumn day is a new experience,' says Morton Arboretum fall color scout Ed Hedborn.
The signs are already here: scarlet flashing on sumac shrubs, a reddish tinge in some kinds of maples, yellow leaves beginning to flutter down. The colors are telling us fall is here.
Buckeyes, elms and Norway maples turn yellow. Like sumacs, Virginia creeper and poison ivy turn bright red, while oakleaf hydrangeas and white oaks turn burgundy. Serviceberry leaves turn orange. And some species, such as sweetgums, combine yellow, orange and red leaves on a single tree. Sugar maples can be yellow or all the colors of sunset, depending on the weather.
The colors of trees’ leaves are a side effect of the big change they undergo every fall: entering a dormant state to survive the rigors of the winter. “You can think of it as going to sleep for a while,” Hedborn said. Dormancy keeps deciduous trees and shrubs safe from winter’s cold and drought and helps them conserve resources for their burst of growth in spring.
“A sugar maple growing among other trees in the woods will produce more anthocyanin at the top of the tree, where leaves are in full sunlight,” Hedborn said. “It will only have red and orange high up in the sun. The same species of tree growing by itself might be red and orange all over, because the sun can reach more of the leaves.
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