The Roman Space Telescope's powerful coronagraph will help it find the exozodiacal dust in distant solar systems. Planets should follow.
NASA’s next great space telescope should launch no later than 2027. Theis a powerful wide-field infrared telescope that will create panoramic fields of view 100 times greater than Hubble’s. The Roman Telescope has a variety of scientific objectives, and one of its jobs is to complete a census of exoplanets to answer questions around habitability.
The amount of dust in a solar system indicates how much and what types of activity are going on. For example, a lot of zodiacal dust comes from comets when they pass through the inner Solar System. If astronomers find a system with lots of exozodiacal dust, it suggests a high level of cometary activity.
Other space telescopes, including the Hubble, have coronographs. But the Hubble’s is relatively simple compared to the Roman Telescope’s. The Roman Telescope’s coronagraph uses filters and deformable mirrors to subtract the powerful starlight from images, leaving light from planets, or zodiacal dust, behind.
The Roman Space Telescope has more to offer than its powerful coronagraph. It won’t suffer from some of the limitations that Hubble suffers from. The Hubble is in low-Earth orbit, where it has to contend with the Earth’s presence as it studies distant objects. But the Roman will be in a nice, stable location at the LaGrange Point 2 , 1.6 million kilometres from Earth.
Hopefully, the Roman Space Telescope will pave the way for another mission called the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory HabEx is still in the concept and design phase, and if it comes to fruition, its current proposed launch date isn’t until 2035. HabEx’s mission will be to image planetary systems around Sun-like stars directly. It’ll sense all types of planets, but the focus is on Earth-like worlds. HabEx will be able to image some of these planets directly.
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