The disease is spread by bark beetles and destroys infected elms quickly, taking one to three years to kill a tree.
The pathogen and beetles were transported to North America in infected wood, probably shipped from Europe after the First World War. DED was first identified in the USA in 1931, and in Ontario in 1946. Many trees died in Eastern Canada in the next 40 years.
The disease destroys infected elms quickly, taking one to three years to kill a tree. The first signs of disease are sudden wilting, yellowing and browning of leaves on individual branches , or the whole tree. When the bark of infected branches is peeled back, brown streaking or mottling is seen on the outer layer of wood.
The importance of transmission of the pathogen spores on beetle bodies was recognized when the disease cycle was first studied and, initially, control methods targeted the insect vectors. However, this did not prevent the disease and methods to inject pesticides into the trees were used to protect specific elms considered vital to the beauty of city landscapes.
It is also illegal not to move elm wood within the province, particularly from home to campsites, and vice versa.
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