Dietary sugar may disrupt gut microbiota and induce metabolic complications Keio_Univ DietarySugar Metabolism GutMicrobiota
By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.Sep 22 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux A study published in the journal Cell demonstrates that dietary sugar increases the risk of metabolic syndrome by disrupting gut microbiota and suppressing protective T helper 17 cells.
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating intestinal immune responses, including Th17 cell and ILC3 responses. High-fat diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition is known to promote metabolic syndrome by altering energy metabolism and immune responses. Regarding intestinal immunity, high-fat diet was found to significantly reduce the expression and functionality of Th17 cells. The diet also reduced the secretion of interleukin 17 , a cytokine produced by Th17 cells.
Impact of dietary sugar in metabolic syndrome Three major harmful components of high-fat diet include excess fat, low dietary fiber, and high sugar content. Of these components, high level of sugar was identified as the main causal factor of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Th17 cell-mediated protection against metabolic syndrome Absorption of dietary lipid by intestinal epithelial cells is a known regulator of metabolic syndrome. Th17 cell-secreting cytokine IL-17 is known to maintain intestinal barrier integrity by regulating epithelial cells.
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