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Days on Earth are growing slightly longer, and that change is accelerating. The reason is connected to the same mechanisms that also have caused the planet’s axis to meander by about 10 metres in the past 120 years.
These resulting shifts in mass cause the planet to wobble as it spins and its axis to shift location – a phenomenon called polar motion. The same researchers teamed on a subsequent study that focused on day length. They found that, since 2000, days have been getting longer by about 1,33 milliseconds per 100 years, a faster pace than at any point in the prior century.
For their paper, researchers used machine-learning algorithms to dissect the 120-year record. They found that 90% of recurring fluctuations between 1900 and 2018 could be explained by changes in groundwater, ice sheets, glaciers, and sea level. The remainder mostly resulted from Earth’s interior dynamics, like the wobble from the tilt of the inner core with respect to the bulk of the planet.
That research focused on the past two decades, during which groundwater and ice mass loss as well as sea level rise – all measured via satellites – have had strong connections to human-caused climate change. In recent decades, the faster melting of ice sheets has shifted mass from the poles toward the equatorial ocean. This flattening causes Earth to decelerate and the day to lengthen, similar to when an ice skater lowers and spreads their arms to slow a spin.
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