Human norovirus GII.4 exploits unexpected entry mechanism to cause gastroenteritis BCMHouston NatureComms
. After washing , the cells were incubated with 1:500 dilution of goat anti-rat 549 , donkey anti-mouse 549 , donkey anti-rabbit 649 , and anti-guinea pig 488 secondary antibodies , to visualize the viral and cellular proteins. Actin staining was done using 1:500 dilution of Alexa-647 Phalloidin .
The effect of inhibitors on J2 HIEs was tested by incubating the cells with pharmacological inhibitors for 24 h and fixing the cells with 4% PFA for 20 min or methanol for 5 min at room temperature. Actin was stained using Alexa-647 Phalloidin and tubulin was stained using mouse anti-tubulin antibody followed by using goat anti-mouse 594 antibody as a secondary antibody. The images were captured either by Nikon A1 confocal microscope using NIS-Elements Viewer 4.
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